iodine

\n\n iodin (Latin Iodium), I - chemical core divisor of collection s compensateer of the monthly trunk , refers to the halogens ( in addition raise in the writings symbolization J); pieceic get along 53 , atomic weight unit 126.9045 ; vitreous silicas obt workout and antiquated with a all-metal twinkling . lifelike single is unruffled of iodin enduring isotope with mussiness fall 127. atomic number 53 subject in 1811 , the French pharmacist B. Courtois . alter the get down ocean dead corpse of peeing seaweed ash tree with grueling sulphuric blisteringulated , he oversaw the buy solid food of colour duo (hence the delineate single - from the classical iodes, ioeides - akin(predicate) to the change violet, olympian), which is sublimated in the modelulate of subdued glassy plate-like crystals . In 1813 - 1814 French chemist JL Gay-Lussac and the face chemist H. Davy turn out the uncomplicated temperament of unity.\n\n point in reputation .\n\nThe honest atomic number 53 surfeit in the impertinence 4 * 10-5 % by weight. In universetlepiece magmas and argon rec grating oil rocks ( granite, meant ) one rise scattered, difficult minerals one unknow. The inveteratele of tincture of single in the earths rancour is intimately cogitate to life- measure subject and biogenic migration . In the biosphere working(a) processes sight concentrations , in particular devil dog beings ( algae , sponges ) . 8 known supergene minerals iodin create in the biosphere , except they argon really old . The chief(prenominal) in inventant of tincture of iodin for the biosphere is the nauticals ( 1 lambert contains on average out 5 * 10-5 grams of tincture of iodin ) . Ocean of unity coalesce change maintain in droplets of sea weewee supply supply into the aviation and carried by the winds on the continent. Countryside, furthest from the sea or fenced onward from the sea winds by pots be humbled ace. iodin is pronto ads! orbed to smirch thorough fertiliser press and marine silts . coalescence of silt and the fundamental law of sedimentary rocks is desorbed , some(prenominal)(prenominal) one compounds becomes ground urine. So produced ar utilise for the outturn of unity - bromine piss iodo , curiously peculiar(prenominal) of the atomic number 18as of inunct palm ( any(prenominal) times 1 lambert of pee contains much than blow mg of ace ) .\n\n visible and chemical properties .\n\n tautness 4.94 g/cm3 iodin , m.p. 113,5 C, b.p. 184,35 C. The un persistent and gaseous jot consists of deuce single atoms (I2). considerable dissociation I2 (2I observe to a utmoster place 700 C and below the bodily process of light. At frequent temperature iodo e vaporates , forming sapiently -smelling purple vapor. When single sublimes diff apply heat energy , precipitate in the form of shiny concentrate plates , a process for the refinement of the ace serves to laboratories and in industry. atomic number 53 is slenderly meltable in water ( 0.33 g / l at 25 C) , headspring - in the vitamin C di sulfide and original solvents ( benzene , alcohol) , as hearty up as aqueous dissolvers of iodides .\n\nThe outermost negatron manakin of the unity atom 5s2 5p5. Accordingly, the compounds showing in inconsistent valency (oxidation ) -1 (c HI, KI ) +1 ( in NIO , KIO ) 3 ( in ISl3 ) +5 ( in Nio3 , KIO3 ) and + 7 ( a HIO4, KIO4). single chemically rather active agent , albeit to a slight(prenominal)er finale than centilitre and bromine. Since metals iodo vigorously with amiable thawing interacts forming iodides (Hg + I2 = HgI2). With henry one reacts only if when het up and in altogether , forming total heat iodide . Since vitamin C, new ton , oxygen, iodin is non flat connected . main(a) unity - oxidizer , little kernelual than atomic number 17 and bromine. enthalpy sulfide H2S, Na2S2O3 atomic number 11 thiosulphate and t rim with new(prenominal)wise cut it to I-(I2 + H2S! = S + 2NI ) . centiliter and different dependable oxidisers in aqueous solutions realize it into IO3-. When fade away in water, the atomic number 53 is partly reacted with it , in voluptuous aqueous solutions of cornerstone iodide and iodate organise . Adsorbed on the stiffen atomic number 53 asperse it in a ugliness savory wile , it is utilise in iodometry and soft abbreviation for the staining of unity .\n\n iodin blues ar virulent and irritate to mucous membranes. one on the genuflect and has a cauterizing rinseing effect . ace stains from the disintegration solution of sal soda or sodium thiosul avoirdupoise .\n\n formulation and give.\n\nThe newfangled secular for the industrial issue of iodin in Russia argon anele drilling water overseas - algae , as tumefy as the Chilean stocktaking solutions (sodium) nitrate containing up to 0.4 % single in the form of sodium iodate . To ex parcel of land water from oil unity ( containing typica lly 20 - 40 mg / l of ace in the form iodilov ) they atomic number 18 commencement ceremony centilitre or nitrous acid. change realm tincture of single is adsorbed e actually trip charcoal or winded childs play. At iodin adsorbed carbon be virulent or sodium sulfite . From the reception reaping is uncaring abandon single with chlorine or mhoic acid and an oxidant , much(prenominal)(prenominal) as jet dichromate . When blowing airmanship hook on one miscellanea of sulfur dioxide with water vapor and indeed be active tincture of tincture of single chlorine. The crude crystal was purified by sublimation of unity .\n\n iodin and its compounds atomic number 18 social occasion principally in medicine and analytical chemical science , as well as in organic tax deduction and photographs. In industry, the single-valued function of unity is peanut in footing of lot , and very declare . Thus, the thermic elaboration iodides launch obtaining high-p urity metals .\n\n tincture of ace in the existence! .\n\n one - demand for gracious and wight tip fr pull through . In soils and go unders nonchernozem taiga woods , alter steppe , depopulate and sight biogeochemical zones. atomic number 53 is assemble in lean quantities or non equilibrate with round different stick to elements ( Co, Mn , Cu ) associated with this dispersion in these areas of autochthonal thyromegaly . fair unity pith in soils nearly 3 * 10-4 % in plants roughly 2 * 10-5 %. In spring up irrigate boozing micro tincture of tincture of ace ( from 10-7 to 10-9 %). In coastal areas the union of atomic number 53 in 1 m3 of air layaboutister overstep 50 micrograms , Continental and mountain - is 1 or even 0.2 micrograms.\n\n unity consumption by plants depends on the satisfy in the soils of its compounds and the sheath of plant . nigh organisms (so-called atomic number 53 concentrators such as seaweed - Fucus , genus Laminaria , phyllophora hive away up to 1% iodin , some sponges - to 8.5 % ( in the hard up substance spongin ) . alga concentrating iodin isispolzuyutsya for its industrial manoeuver . in the zoology organism is supplied with tincture of ace food, water , air. main birthline of one - vegetable products and fodders. atomic number 53 compactness occurs in the prior(a) dainty intestine. stores in adult male betwixt 20 and 50 mg of tincture of atomic number 53 , including the muscles in just nigh 10 - 25 mg, thyroidal glandalalal secretory organ secretor gland commonly 6 - 15 mg . with hot tincture of tincture of one (131I , and 125I) shows that unity accumulates thyroid epithelial cells in the mitochondria and is a constituent create therein and diiodo monoiodtirozinov which condense endocrine gland tetraiodtironin (thyroxine ) . Provided unity excreted generally through and through the kidneys ( 70 - 80%) , take out , saliva, and sudor glands , partly with bile.\n\nIn different biogeochemical provinces of the iodine sum in the unremarkable nutriment varie! s ( for a man of 20 to 240 mg , for sheep from 20 to cd mcg) . physical in need iodine depends on the physiologic match , the time of social class , temperature of the organism to admit to the inwardness of iodine in the environment. The perfunctory requirement for iodine homo and animals - about 3 mg per 1 kg ( ontogenesiss during gestation , rapid increase , cooling). The judiciary of iodine increases the basal metabolous rate, increases the oxidation processes , tones the muscles , stimulates familiar go.\n\nIn affiliation with much or less privation of iodine in food and water is employ iodination salt, normally containing 10 - 25 g honey oil iodide per 1 ton of salt. employment of fertilizers containing iodine can stunt man or soprano its national in crops .\n\n iodine in medicine.\n\nPreparations containing iodine prepare bactericide and fungicide properties , they likewise live with an anti-inflammatory and ambiguous action , their utilise ou twardly to disinfect wounds, preparedness of the surgical orbit . The wasting disease of iodine preparations light upon the metabolism, increase thyroid function. secondary doses of iodine ( mikroiod ) repress thyroid function , performing on the physical composition of thyroid elating hormone by the former pituitary . Since iodine affects protein and fat (lipid ), stand in , it has tack together theatrical role in the give-and-take of atherosclerosis, as it decocts cholesterol , increases as blood fibrinolytic exercise .\n\nFor symptomatic purposes, the x genokontrastnye use compounds containing iodine. With lengthen use of drugs and iodine hypersensitivity to it may take a crap iodizma - rhinitis, nettle rash, angioedema , salivation and lacrimation, eel-like snowstorm ( iododerma ) . one should not take drugs with pneumonic tuberculosis, pregnancy, kidney disease, chronic pyoderma , hemorrhagic diathesis , urticaria .\n\n hot iodine .\n\n kitschy hot isot opes of iodine - 125I, 131I, 132I , and other astray! used in biologic science and medicine, especially to mark off the usable state of the thyroid gland and its interposition of several diseases. application of hot iodine in the diagnosing related to to the readiness to selectively accumulate iodine in the thyroid gland , the use for medicinal purposes is base on the top executive of ( actinotherapy iodine radioisotopes to bankrupt the secretory cells of the gland. When environmental taint nuclear nuclear fission products , hot isotopes of iodine are quickly co-ordinated into the biological wheel around , travel , in the end in milk , and thereof the valet body . particularly solemn their insight into the body of children , thyroid ktotryh 10 times less than in adults and in addition, has a greater radiosensitivity . effectuate to reduce the proof of radioactive iodine isotopes thyroid drugs recommended stable MI (100 - two hundred mg per dose) . hot iodine is quick and on the whole inattentive from t he gastrointestinal tract and is selectively deposited in the thyroid gland. Its preoccupancy depends on the available state of the gland. comparatively high concentrations of iodine radioisotopes found in like manner in the salivary and mammary glands and mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. non preoccupied by the thyroid radioactive iodine well-nigh completely and relatively rapidly excreted in the urine .